As companies shift to sustainable energy solutions, hydrogen has become a key element in this transition. It plays a crucial role as a fuel and a medium for energy storage, helping to capture surplus energy from renewable sources. However, its use presents significant challenges, especially in sealing technologies.

The use of hydrogen as a primary means of energy storage was first theorised in 1923. British geneticist J.B.S. Haldane anticipated that Britain’s coal reserves would deplete to a point where alternative energy sources would be needed, and proposed hydrogen as a long-term energy storage solution, through electrolysis. It wasn’t until 1970, when concern about fossil fuel depletion and environmental impact grew in the transport industry, that hydrogen was proposed as an alternative. The priority at that time was for transport unsuitable for electrification, namely heavy goods transport and aviation.

Although car manufacturers such as Toyota and Hyundai initially began marketing commercial hydrogen-fuelled cars in the 2010s, production shrunk earlier than expected as electric vehicles became far more prominent. In the current market, almost all hydrogen produced is used in oil refining, ammonia production for fertilisers, and methanol production for applications including as an additive to gasoline.

Gasket Materials for Hydrogen Applications

Hydrogen presents several challenges when used in applications: it is very reactive, highly explosive with immense potential energy, and is composed of the smallest molecules known to humans. To most people, the use of hydrogen is infamously associated with bombs, which are thousands of times more powerful than the atomic bombs seen at the end of World War II. Thankfully no country has ever used their stock of “H-bombs” outside of a testing zone, but a graphic demonstration of its destructive potential was witnessed with the Hindenburg disaster in 1937.

For these reasons, sealing gaskets must be fully capable of maintaining their shape under the most extreme conditions and prevent the tiny molecules from leaking through. The results of hydrogen leakage can be catastrophic, so selecting the right material is vital. Hydrogen-ready materials must also adhere to all relevant safety standards and guidelines. This includes both industry-specific and governmental regulations. 

Gasket Materials for Hydrogen Applications

Fluoroelastomers (FKM)

Also referred to as VITON, it is chemically resistant and has a wide temperature range, making it suitable for different conditions in hydrogen storage and transport. Read more about the properties of VITON

PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

Known for its chemical compatibility and low coefficient of friction, PTFE is suitable for sealing applications where chemical reactivity is a concern. Read more about the properties of PTFE

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM)

While resistant to ozone, weather, and ageing, it is generally less resistant to oils and fuels, so its use in hydrogen applications would depend on specific conditions. Read more about the properties of EDPM

Flexible Graphite

Reinforced and pure graphite gaskets offer excellent sealing resistance to high temperatures, pressures and aggressive substances. They are also impermeable to gases and liquids. Read more about the properties of Flexible Graphite

Getting it Right With Dobson Gaskets

At Dobson Gaskets, our wealth of knowledge and experience in manufacturing gaskets for any application guarantees fully compatible gasket materials, chosen for your specific application. Our hydrogen-ready gaskets are durable, highly resistant to chemicals and fuels and have a low gas permeability. Our rigorous testing procedures ensure they are suitable for various processes involving 100% hydrogen and H2S, CO2 or natural gas.

We stock a wide range of Hydrogen-ready sealing solutions, from rubber to spiral wound and gland packings. Our selection also includes materials from established manufacturers, including James Walker, Planichem and Flexitallic.